ALTERNATE NAMES: KOMARGOROD [RUS], KOMARHOROD AND КОМАРГОРОД [UKR], KOMEIRID [YID], KOMARGRÓD [POL], KOMAR-GOROD, 48°32' N, 28°37' E, 15 MILES SW OF TULCHIN, 38 MILES E OF MOHYLIV-PODILSKYY, 49 MILES S OF VINNYTSYA. 1900 Jewish population: 481.
Source with pictures:
"Komargorod (also Komaygorod, Heb. Komeyrid) - village Tomashpil region Vinnytsia region, up to 1923 - the county town Yampolsky Podolia. About stays Komargorode Jews in the first half of the XVII century. report responsa of Rabbi Abraham Cohen Lviv Rappoport, Save Record readings of Jewish youths from Komargoroda Hanan son p. Michael. He fled with his family from the city in June 1648 by the advancing Cossacks impregnable, as it seemed, the fortress Tulchin. Of the hundreds of Jewish neighborhood who had taken refuge in the castle Tulchin, a little fortunate to escape, and among them was this young man. Cossacks seized Komargorod likely destroyed the remaining Jews there. At the beginning of the XVIII century in the town returned Chetvertinskih princes. In the second half of the XVIII century. number of Jewish community Komargoroda not exceed 100 people. According to the census in 1765 there lived 86 21 Jews in the house at the reception attended by Jews Rabbi Shmirka Abramovich, "quarterly" Fishel Shlomovich and "schoolboy" Aron Leyzerovich.census in 1776 reported only nine Jewish houses in which lived 13 families (32 people), these numbers have certified two tenant - Itsko Moshkovich and Leiba Hershkowitz. In 1852 there were 8 Komargorode Jewish artisans. In 1853, according to official figures in the town was one "school prayer" and its 338 parishioners, the community used the services of a rabbi Tomashpol. In 1871, 204 of residents have been attributed to trading estate (mostly Jews), and 845 - to agriculture, in the town had a total of 192 homes. In 1889, the Jewish community numbered 300 people at its disposal were two synagogues. In 1891 were established in Komargorode weekly bazaars, held on Tuesdays. Regular trading significantly improved the welfare of the Jews, which was reflected in the development of building and growing Jewish population. By the end of the XIX century. in the village (excluding suburbs) was more than fifty houses, inhabited by about 500 people. At the beginning of XX century was a small Komargorod closely built-up spot with a dozen Jewish shops on the main street. During the Civil War, many Jews fled to neighboring Bessarabia Komargoroda . In the 1920s. community institutions were closed by Soviet power.Jewish craftsmen - plumbers, joiners, carpenters, painters and others - have joined the gang. significant part of the school teachers and college Komargoroda economic as well as medical staff in 1920-1930-ies. were Jews. In 1924 Komargorode was organized Jewish collective farm named after Petrovsky, who specialized in the cultivation of grain. Among the members of the collective farm were Ukrainians. In 1941, before the Nazi occupation in the town there were about 400 Jews. During the Nazi occupation (July 1941 - March 1944). Komargorod appeared in the Romanian occupation zone (Transnistria). Almost all Jews, not subject to mobilization remained in place. First in Komargorod entered German military units in three weeks - Romanian. August 9, 1941 Romanian invaders shot seven men, heads of Jewish families, as well as family Bessarabian Jews. After that execution, the first in the area, many Jews fled komargorodskie from the village, mainly in Tomashpol, and when it began shooting, returned home again. Komargoroda created in the center of the ghetto and rounded up all the Jews there from the village and surrounding villages. Fenced by barbed wire ghettos existed from October 15, 1941 to March 10, 1944, the fence was held on the main street (now Victory Street). property left in the abandoned Jewish homes were plundered by locals. However, there were Ukrainians who helped their Jewish neighbors, they left at the fence of the ghetto food, hid Jews caught outside the ghetto during the raid, invited teens on a variety of work, which paid for the food. occupation authorities used the working-age population in the agricultural sector. Worked in the fields of Jews lived there, in the back rooms. They returned to the ghetto once a month to clean up and change clothes, so constantly remained in the ghetto only children and the elderly. Komargoroda After his release March 16, 1944 in the village of renewed Jewish community life. During the early postwar years Komargorode acted Jewish collective farm. In 1952 it was merged with the Ukrainian, in the 1960-1970s. kolkhoz led Jewish agronomist Volokh. Until the mid-1960s. in the village was going to minyan. By the end of 1960. former place is desolate, Jewish homes have invaded family of Ukrainian peasants. C. 1980.Komargorode Jews lived." Lukin, "100 Jewish towns in Ukraine" Detailed photo
CEMETERY:
- US Commission No. UA01060101
- Alternate names: Komaigorod (Polish). Komargorod is located in Vinnitskaya O.Tomashpolskn at 48º32 28º37, 7 km from Tomahspol, 25 km from Tulchin, and 82 km from Vinnitca. The cemetery is located at northern outskirts between Orthodox cemetery and private gardens. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.
- Town officials: Town Executive Council - Kovalchyk Vitali Semenovich [Phone: (04348) 21205]. Vitali Kovalchuk - Tomashpol City Council [Phone: (04348) 21205].
- Regional: Vinnitski Oblast Council of Melnick Nikola Evtuhovich. Vinnitski Oblast Cultural Society - Ilchyk Nikola Nikolaevich [Phone: (0432) 325637].
- Vinnitski Oblast Jewish Community - Gubenko Bella Aronovna [Phone: (0432) 351666].
- The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) was 350. Effecting the Jewish Community were Chmelnitski pogroms, 1648-9 Barskii Conference pogroms, 1768-1772 pogroms, 1919-20 pogroms and Ghetto1941-4. The last known Hasidic burial was 1969. Gorishevka (12 km away) and Vapnyarka (12 km away) used this unlandmarked cemetery. Between fields and woods, the isolated wooded suburban hillside has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. Hedges or trees and other surround the cemetery but no gate. 101 to 500 stones, most in original location with between 25%-50% toppled or broken, date from 1826 to 20th century. Location of any removed tombstones is unknown. The cemetery has special sections for men and women. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. The municipality owns the property used for Jewish cemetery and agriculture (crops or animal grazing). Adjacent properties are agricultural and Forest. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Rarely, Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and frequently in the last ten years. Jewish individuals within country patched broken stones, cleaned stones, cleared vegetation and fixed gate 1945-1948. There is no maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Entrance is uncontrolled and cemetery in disorder. Vegetation overgrowth is a constant problem, disturbing and stones. Water drainage at the cemetery is a seasonal problem. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access, vegetation (100% overgrown) and vandalism (In winter when it is possible to break graves and bones.). Moderate threat: weather erosion and pollution. Slight threat: existing nearby development and proposed nearby development.
Oks Vladimir Moiseevich of 270065, Odessa, Varnenskaya 17D, Apt. 52 [Phone: (0482) 665950] visited site and completed survey on 7/5/94. Interviewed were residents of Komargorod. Documentation: Population of towns of the Podol region, Krilov, 1905. Other documentation exsits but inaccessible.
[UPDATE] Photos by Charles Burns [March 2016]
