UMAN: Human | Ukraine | International Jewish Cemetery Project

Alternate names: Uman and Умань [Rus, Ukr, Yid - אומאן], Humań [Pol]. 48°45' N, 30°13' E. Major city in central Ukraine. 96 miles WSW of Cherkasy, 117 miles S of Kyyiv, 160 miles N of Odesa. 1900 Jewish population: 17,945.

KehilaLinks: http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/uman/
JOWBR: Old Cemetery
JOWBR: New Cemetery

Encyclopedia of Jewish Life (2001), pp. 1360-61: "Uman".
Shtetl Finder (1989), p. 106: "Uman".
JewishGen Ukraine SIG
Wikipedia [Apr 2014] : " A large Jewish community lived in Uman in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the Second World War, in 1941, the Battle of Uman took place in the vicinity of the town, where the German army encircled Soviet positions. The Germans deported the entire Jewish community, murdering some 17,000 Jews, and completely destroyed the Jewish cemetery, burial place of the victims of the 1768 uprising as well as Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. (After the war, a Breslov Hasid managed to locate the Rebbe's grave and preserved it when the Soviets turned the entire area into a housing project. Since the 1990s there has been a small, but growing, Jewish population in Uman, concentrated around Rebbe Nachman of Breslov tomb in Pushkina street. The local Jews are mostly involved in pilgrimage of Jewish tourists that arrive to the town."

Hebrew website with photo: "(Massacre Htkc H - which killed close to 30 thousand Jews) decided to be buried along with the Saints when time will come. In 1810, when he felt Rabbi Nachman that the end is near, he moved to Bowman.Where he lived for about six months and was buried there, buried in the martyrs massacre Hheidmkim.. Rabbi Nachman attached great importance to gather at his grave after his death, and ordered his lifetime his followers to come to his grave regularly, pray and study there, and say Tehillim. Rabbi Nachman promised in his life, and put witnessed it, that those who come to his grave and give to charity and said the ten Psalms corrected, he would take it well depth of despair. This promise takes place every year to tens of thousands of people from all over the world. Special interest around the grave is first year. One of the foundations of Breslov is gathering for the righteous Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Nachman said, inter alia, that Rosh Hashanah has a special power "to sweeten the bad laws" over who come to be with him on Rosh Hashanah, and commanded various warnings that "No one may be absent" ingathering "Rosh Hashanah. Students of Rabbi Nachman, led his disciples, Rabbi Nathan understood from the words on New Year his last (three weeks before his death), because he wanted the custom kibbutz "who gather to righteous Rosh Hashanah, will continue even after his death, in assembling his grave. .Bowman kibbutz was continuously since his last year of Rabbi Nachman Plug A, and by pay officewhen authorities prevented the Hasidim. With the collapse of the Iron Curtain renewed kibbutz Rosh Hashanah, and has recently become the focus sweeps too many people outside of Breslov Hasidism, as in recent years, frequent the place tens of thousands of Jews, whose number is gradually increasing every year. saints buried him: Rabbi Nachman Zia"a." [Apr 2014]
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CEMETERIES:

UMAN I: US Commission No. UA09150101
Alternate names: Human (Yiddish). Uman is located in Kievskaya at 48º45 30º13, 270km from Odessa, 200km from Kiev, 190km from Chercassi, and 139km from Vinnitsa. The cemetery is located at Osvoboditeley St. Present town population is 25,001-100,000 with 1,001-10,000 Jews.
The earliest known Jewish community in this town was 1620. 1939 Jewish population (census) in was 22,179. Living here was Rabbi Borukh from Central Synagogue. The Jewish cemetery was established in 1894 century with last known Orthodox Jewish burial 1946. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds the cemetery. 21 to 100 stones, few in original location with 25%-50% toppled or broken, date from 18th to 20th century. Some tombstones have metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery, agricultural use (crops or animal grazing) and waste dumping. Property adjacent is residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of new roads or highways and housing development. Frequently, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and frequently in the last ten years. No maintenance. Within the limits of the cemetery is a pre-burial house. Very serious threat: uncontrolled access, pollution and vandalism.
Gurfinkel Lev Vladimirovich visited site on 7/15/94. No interviews were conducted for this survey. Turman B.S. of Chercassi,Homenko str.,16,apt 66 [Phone: 631272] completed survey on 07/15/1994.

UMAN II: US Commission No. UA23030101
The cemetery is located at Vyzvolyteliv St. Present town population is over 100,000 with 11-100 Jews. Regional: Chercass Oblast soviet, Chercass. The earliest known Jewish community in this town was 16th century. 1939 Jewish population (census) in was 22179. Effecting the Jewish Community was B. Khmelnitskiy Pogroms. Living here was Rabbi Nahman from Brotslav. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 16th century. Buried here is Rabbi Nahman from Brotslav. The last known Bratslav Hasidic burial was 1994. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban hillside and crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence surrounds the cemetery. There is a non-locking gate. 501 to 5000 stones, more than 75% toppled or broken, date from 19th to 20th century. Location of any removed stones is unknown. Some tombstones have traces of painting on their surfaces, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery use, agricultural use (crops or animal grazing) and waste dump. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development and agriculture. Frequently, organized Jewish group or pilgrimage tours and Jewish or non-Jewish private visitors. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and occasionally in the last ten years. There is no maintenance now. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth is not a problem. Serious threat: uncontrolled access, vandalism, existing and proposed nearby development. Moderate threat: vegetation. Slight threat: pollution.
Peysahov Dmitriy of Kiev, 40 let Oktyabrya Prospect 48, Apt. 6 [Phone: (044) 2650346] visited site on 9/6/94. Person(s) interviewed were Usher Moiseevich Fridner of Oktyabrskaya str., 86, Apt. 9 on 9/6/94. Peysahov completed survey on 09/06/1994.

UMAN III: US Commission No. UA23030102
The cemetery is located at Belinskogo-Pushkina St.
-- Town officials: Town Soviet of Lenina Street 1 [Phone: (04744)53575]. Region Executive Committee
-- Chairman of the Jewish Community-Yephim Aleksandrovich Neyberg.
The earliest known Jewish community was 1620. Jew buried in the cemetery is Tzadakk Nahman from Bratzlav. Jewish community was Hasidic. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence surrounds the cemetery. There is no gate. No stones are visible. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for residential. Property adjacent is residential. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of housing development. Frequently, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and frequently in the last ten years. There is no maintenance now. Within the limits of the cemetery is an ohel. No threats.
Turman Bella Samuilovna of Chercass, Homenko st., 16, apt.66 [Phone: (0472) 631272] visited site on 10/9/94. Person(s) interviewed were Gurfinkyel Lev Vladimirovich [Phone: (04744) 59797] on 10/8/95. Turman completed survey on 10/10/1994.

UMAN IV: US Commission No. UA23030501
The mass grave is located at NW on the Maksima Zaliznyaka St.
-- Krayevedchesky Museum in Uman.
The earliest known Jewish community in this town was 1636. 1939 Jewish population (census) in was 22179. Effecting the Jewish Community were 1768 Koliyvshchina, 1653 Pogroms, 1919-1920 Civil war and 1941-1945 Holocaust. The Jewish mass grave was established in 1941. The last known Jewish burial was 1942. No other towns or villages used this mass grave. The mass grave is not listed and/or protected as a landmark or monument. The mass grave location is rural (woods/forest), located on flat land, isolated, marked by signs or plaques in local language. The marker mentioned the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence surrounds the mass grave. There is no gate. 1 to 20 common tombstones all in original location with none surviving stones toppled or broken, date from 1955. No stones were removed. The mass grave has no special sections. The mass grave contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns site used for mass burial site. Property adjacent is forest. Frequently, organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups, organized individual tours, private visitors (Jewish or non-Jewish) and local residents visit. This mass grave has not been vandalized. Local/municipal authorities did re-erection of stones in 1955. Now, occasionally authorities clear or clean. Within the limits of the mass grave there are no structures. No threats.
Turman Bella Samuilovna of Chercass, Homenko St. 16, Apt.66 [Phone: (0472) 631272] visited site on 1/11/95. No interviews were conducted for this survey. Turman completed survey on 01/12/1995.
6,000 Jews celebrated at grave of Rabbi Nachman, founder of Bratslav dynasty. Source: World Jewry 10/1995, World Jewish Congress