NEMIROV (Niemirów , Nemyriv , Nemiruv, Nemiroff) | Ukraine | International Jewish Cemetery Project

Alternate names: Nemirov [Rus Немирів , Yid], Niemirów [Pol], Nemyriv [Ukr], Nemiruv.. Jewish population: 1,962 (in 1910).31 miles NW of L'viv (Lvov), 12 miles SW of Rava-Ruska. [Not Nemirov in Podolia].

Jewish Records Indexing - Poland
Gesher Galicia
Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego (1880-1902), VII, pp. 94-96: "Niemirów".
Shtetl Finder (1989), p. 61: "Nemirow" (2nd one).
Pinkas HaKehilot, Poland, Vol. 2 (1980), pp. 338-340: "Niemirow".
Encyclopedia of Jewish Life (2001), p. 891: "Niemirow (I)".

SOURCE: Nemiroff - the city, the regional center of Vinnitsa region, Ukraine. The Jewish community in Nemiroff, Podolsk province Rzeczpospolita, was founded in 1603 In 1648.,The Khmelnytskoho uprising brought thousands of Jews from surrounding villages to refuge in Nemiroff, but in June, with the assistance of the local Christian population Cossacks captured Nemiroff and massacred most of the Jews, Only a few managed to escape in Tulchin, and some prefer the death of baptism. Nemiroff Cossacks (1649), commander of the Polish army Prince Yarema Vishnevetskii executed many citizens who participated in the massacre. The Jewish community was soon restored, The dentist got permission to return to Judaism. Nemirov massacre remained in the memory of the Jewish people. ... book "Ieven metsula" ("bottomless Abyss") Community Nemirova reached prosperity during the Turkish rule over Skirts (1672-99). Position of the Jews deteriorated in 1685, when Yu Khmelnitsky (son of B. Khmelnitsky) appointed by the Turks during the second Hetman of Ukraine, elected Nemiroff place of his residence. He began executions and persecution of the Jews, but in the same year was deposed and executed for it. Jews actively participated in fairs and through their work Nemiroff became a major center of manufacturing.In 1699, Nemiroff was returned to the Commonwealth. In 1702 the Jews were again victims Nemirova Cossack pogrom. At the beginning of the 18th century. The Great Synagogue was built. In 1765 there were 602 Jews as poll tax payers. In 1793, Nemiroff was annexed to Russia and included in the Pale of Settlement. In the early 19th century. served as the residence Breslov Hasidim. in 1847 Nemiroff 4386 Jews lived there and in1897 - 5287 (about 60% of the population). During the Russian Civil War, when in the vicinity Nemirova acted numerous Ukrainian gang Jews escaped the massacre because of good relations with the Christian population of the city. In 1926 Nemiroff had 4167 Jews (57.2% of the population). At the beginning of the Second World War, much of the Jewish population remained under German occupation, as the German army was advancing rapidly, and the Soviet authorities have not carried out a targeted evacuation of the Jewish population.Nemiroff was in the German occupation zone in the Reich Commissariat "Ukraine" in contrast to much of the Vinnytsia region, which became part of Transnistria. Shortly after the occupation, Jewish population was required to make a contribution to be paid in three days. Jews were required to wear a distinctive sign. In early September, the city Jews were imprisoned in the ghetto and used for heavy labor. Nemirova Jews were killed in the three traunches in November 1941, July 1942 and in early 1943, very few Jews were left in the ghetto and escaped, some to to Transnistria, some - to the guerrillas such as the family Breitner, who helped Ukrainian neighbors theey helped in the early 1930s. A small number of Jews settled in Nemiroff after the war. In 2012 only a few remained. Detailed description on the photo at photohunt.org.ua / Nemirov.html

NEMIROV: People from here were buried at mass grave at Raigorod (Comm. No.UA01710501)
Located at 50º07' 23º27', 312.5 miles W of Kiev. "Near Nemirov town there is the village of Kovalevka. A local teacher has organized a team of scouts who are searching for unknown places of mass massacres in all the Nemirov region. And that is why each fact of vandalism and grave robbery can not be tolerated, and these do frequently occur!" Source: Jewish Heritage Report: http://www.isjm.org/jhr/nos3-4/ukrcem.htm [March 2002]
NEMIROV I: US Commission No. UA01320101
Nemirov is located in Vinnitskaya. The cemetery is located at on outskirts of the town. The town is location at 48º58 28º51, 45 km from Vinnitsa. Present town population is under 1,000 with 101-1,000 Jews. -- Town officials: Town Executive Council of Storoschenko Petro Mikhalovich [Phone: (04331)22965]. -- Jewish Community Chairman Moschkovich MIkhalo Alexandrovich [Phone: (04331)22776]. The earliest known Jewish community was 1603. 1926 Jewish population (census) was 4176. Effecting Jewish Community were 1648 Khmelnitski destruction of Jewish kahal, 1685 Khmelnitski execution of Jews, 1702 pogrom executions, and 1919 Petlurovski pogrom. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 16th century with last known Hasidic burial 1994. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a private road, access is open to all. A broken fence with non-locking gate surrounds. 501 to 5000 stones, most in original location and 25%-50% toppled or broken, date from 17th to 18th century. Location of any removed stones is unknown. Some tombstones have portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. Occasionally, private Jewish or non-Jewish visitors and local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and not in the last 10 years. Local Jewish resident within country patched broken stones and cleared vegetation. Now, individuals clean or clear occasionally. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Vegetation overgrowth and water drainage are seasonal problems preventing access. Moderate threat: pollution and vegetation. Slight threat: vandalism.
Fuks M.L. of Vinnitsa [Phone: 358296] visited site on 8/30/94. No interviews were conducted for this survey. He completed survey on 09/04/1994. Documentation: Town Populations in the Podol Region. Kamenets-Podol.A.Krylov. 1905; History of Towns and Villages in Ukraine. Vinnitska Oblast. Kiev. 1969; Short Jewish Encyclopaedia. Jerusalem 1976; Jewish Encyclopaedia in 16 Vols. Brokgayz-Efron.
NEMIROV II: US Commission No. UA01320102
See NEMIROV I for town information that differs from that given here. The cemetery is located at north outskirts of the town in the quarry, Koshevogo Street. Present town population is 5,001-25,000 with 11-100 Jews.
-- Town officials: Town Soviet Chairman Storozhenko Petr Mikhaylovich [Phone: (04331)22964]
-- Regional officials: Regional State Archives Manager Zozulya Nina Ivanovna [Phone: (04331)22873].
Regional State Dept. Chairman Matienko Mikhail Savvovich [Phone: (04331)20968]. Regional State Archives of Vinnitskaya Oblast
-- Jewish Community of Vinnitsa , Chairman Desner.
-- Caretaker: Orehovsky Valentin Dmitrievich of 70- 25 Oktyabrya Street [Phone: (04331)20921].
The earliest known Jewish community was 1603. 1926 Jewish population was 4176. Effecting Jewish Community were 1919 Petlura pogroms, 1941-1942 Jewish ghetto, 1942-1944 concentration camp and 1941-1944 mass executions. Living in Jewish community were R' Leizer Rozenfel'd Markish and R' Natan b. Naftaly Gersh. The last known Jewish burial was in 1995. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated suburban quarry has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence but a non-locking gate surrounds the cemetery. The approximate size of cemetery is now 0.28 hectares. 101 to 500 stones, all in their original location with no stones removed, date from 1947. The cemetery has no special sections. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces, other metallic elements, portraits on stones and/or metal fences around graves. The cemetery contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural and the town dump. The cemetery boundaries are larger now than 1939. The cemetery is visited occasionally by organized individual tours, private Jewish or non-Jewish visitors and local residents. This cemetery has not been vandalized. Jewish individuals within country cleaned stones and cleared vegetation. The government pays the regular caretaker. Water drainage is a seasonal problem. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access. Slight threat: weather erosion, pollution, vegetation (seasonal problem), vandalism and existing nearby development.
Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny Street, apt. 68 [Phone: (044)5505681] visited site on 22/10/96. Interviewed was Mostovoy Mikhail Abramovich of 26, Lenina Street [Phone: (04331)22582] on 22/10/96.
NEMIROV III: US Commission No. UA01320502
See Nemirov II for town information. The unlandmarked 24 August 1942 mass grave is located at the quarry on northern outskirts of the town. The suburban site, separate but near other cemeteries, has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing the new Jewish cemetery, access is open to all. No wall or fence or gate surrounds. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.16 hectares. 1 to 20 stones, all in their original location, date from 1950. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces. The site contains marked and unmarked mass graves. The local Jewish community and the municipality own the property used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are quarry. The mass grave boundaries is larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents stop. This mass grave has not been vandalized. Jewish individuals within country did re-erection of stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation annually 1950 to 1980. Occasionally, now, authorities clean or clear. Within the limits of the mass grave are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation (seasonal). Slight threat: weather erosion (water drainage-seasonal), pollution, vandalism and existing nearby development.
Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny Street, apt. 68 [Phone: (044)5505681] visited site on 18/10/96. Interviewed was Mostovoy Mikhail Naumovich of 26, Lenina Street [Phone: (04331)22582] on 22/10/96.
NEMIROV IV: US Commission No. UA01320501
The 1944 mass grave is located at the new Jewish cemetery. Zarudintsy (9 km away) and Berezovka (9 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked mass grave. The suburban site, part of a municipal cemetery, has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing the Jewish cemetery, access is open to all. No wall or fence or gate surrounds. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.08 hectares. 1 to 20 stones, all in their original location, date from the 20th century No stones were removed. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces. The site contains marked mass graves and unmarked mass graves. The local Jewish community and the municipality own the site used for mixed cemetery with manually [sic] Jewish burials. Properties adjacent are agricultural and the cemetery. The mass grave boundaries is larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents visit. This mass grave has not been vandalized. There has been cleaned stones and cleared vegetation in 1996. Occasionally, authorities clean or clear. Within the limits of the mass grave are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access, weather erosion (water drainage-seasonal problem) and vegetation (seasonal). Slight threat: pollution, vandalism and proposed nearby development.
Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny Street, apt. 68 [Phone: (044)5505681] visited site on 18/10/96. Interviewed was Mostovoy Mikhail Naumovich of 26, Lenina Street [Phone: (04331)22582] on 22/10/96.
NEMIROV V: US Commission No. UA01320504
The 1944 unlandmarked mass grave is located in north part of town, at right of road. Caretaker: School #2 of Nemirov, Director Rybalko Pavel Denisovich [Phone: (04331)22628]. The suburban hillside has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. No wall or fence or gate surrounds. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.02 hectares. 1 to 20 stones, all in their original location, date from 1950. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces. The site contains marked mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery use only. Properties adjacent are residential and the kitchen gardens. The mass grave boundaries is larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents stop. This mass grave has not been vandalized. Local/municipal authorities and Jewish individuals within country did re-erection of stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation in 1950 followed by annual care. Occasionally, authorities clean or clear. Within the limits of the mass grave are no structures. Serious threat: weather erosion (The concrete and brick and exposed to erosion). Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation. Slight threat: pollution and vandalism.
Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny Street, apt. 68 [Phone: (044)5505681] visited site on 22/10/96. Interviewed was Mostovoy MikhailNaumovich of 26, Lenina Street [Phone: (04331)22582] on 22/10/96.
NEMIROV VI: US Commission No. UA01320503
Chukov (10 km away) and Zarudintsy (10 km away) Jews were murdered at this unlandmarked 1943 mass grave. The suburban mass grave, located in the quarry and separate but near other cemeteries, has signs or plaques in local language mentioning the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road and crossing other the new Jewish cemetery, access is open to all. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. The approximate size of mass grave is now 0.01 hectares. 1 to 20 stones, all in original location, date from 1950. No stones were removed. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces. The site contains marked mass graves. The local Jewish community and the municipality own the site used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are quarry. The mass grave boundaries is larger now than 1939. Occasionally, organized individual tours, private Jewish or non-Jewish visitors and local residents visit. This mass grave has not been vandalized. Jewish individuals within country did re-erection of stones, cleaned stones and cleared vegetation 1950 to 1980 annually. Occasionally, authorities clean or clear. Within the limits of the mass grave are no structures. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access and vegetation (seasonal). Slight threat: weather erosion (water drainage), pollution, vandalism and existing nearby development.
Sokolova Eleonora Eugen'evna of 253152 Kiev, 5 Tychiny Street, apt. 68 [Phone: (044)5505681] visited site on 18/10/96. Interviewed was Mostovoy Mikhail Naumovich of 26, Lenina Street [Phone: (04331)22582] on 22/10/96.
NEMIROV VII: US Commission No. UA13160101
The cemetery is located at southern outskirts of the town, near the entrance from Yavorov.
Others: Museum of Religion and Museum of Local History.
The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1939 Jewish population was 1600. The last known Hasidic burial was in 1937. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. A continuous fence with gate that locks surrounds. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII was 0.80 and is now 0.72 hectares. 501 to 5000 stones all in their original location date from 1672.. No stones were removed. The cemetery has special sections for women, rabbis, and Cohanim. Some tombstones have traces of paint on their surfaces. The cemetery contains no known mass graves. Municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of agriculture. Occasionally, organized individual tours and local residents visit. The cemetery was not vandalized in the last ten years. Local/municipal authorities fixed wall and fixed gate in 1992. There is no maintenance now. Within the limits of the cemetery are no structures. Slight threat: weather erosion (water drainage is a seasonal problem) and vegetation. No threat: uncontrolled access, pollution, vandalism, and existing nearby and/or proposed development.
Aberman S.E. of Apt. 2, 4 Novakovskogo Street, L'vov [Phone: (0322)724687] visited site on 30/09/95 and completed survey on 1/10/95. Interviewed was Komar V.S. of Nemirov on 30/09/95.

[UPDATE] Photos by Charles Burns [March 2016]